Who builds the models in this catalogue.

US-based creator of GPT models; mostly proprietary/API-served with one open-weights family (gpt-oss); CLOUD Act exposed.

21 models

Google✓

US-headquartered lab behind Gemma (open-weights, Apache 2.0) and Gemini (proprietary) models; fully CLOUD Act/FISA-exposed; signed the EU GPAI Code of Practice.

18 models

Anthropic✓

US-headquartered frontier AI lab (Claude); CLOUD Act exposed but operates an EU entity in Ireland; mixed open-weights posture (closed models only).

Mixed

11 models

Xai

US lab behind Grok, now a SpaceX subsidiary; proprietary weights, CLOUD Act exposed, and under multiple active EU GDPR/AI-content investigations.

Proprietary

7 models

Mistral Ai

🇫🇷France

France-headquartered lab building both open-weight and proprietary LLMs; EU-incorporated with no US parent, so CLOUD Act exposure is low.

Proprietary

3 models

Z.ai

Beijing-based lab behind the MIT-licensed GLM model family; subject to China's National Intelligence Law and on the US export-control Entity List.

1 model

01-ai✓

Beijing-based lab whose open-weights Yi models (Apache 2.0) are now in maintenance mode as the company pivots to enterprise/government AI consulting; not CLOUD Act exposed, but subject to China's National Intelligence Law.

Ai2✓

US nonprofit research lab behind the fully open OLMo model family; CLOUD Act exposed with no EU legal entity.

AI21✓

🇮🇱Israel

Israeli lab behind the open-weights Jamba models; not CLOUD Act exposed, but underwent a major 2026 pivot away from selling standalone LLMs.

Aleph Alpha✓

🇩🇪Germany

German (Heidelberg) sovereign-AI vendor with mixed open-weights models; pending acquisition by Canada's Cohere could reshape its jurisdictional profile.

Amazon✓

US cloud/AI giant behind Nova and Titan models; CLOUD Act exposed with a mixed open/proprietary weights strategy.

Anthracite

Anonymous volunteer collective releasing open-weights 'Magnum' fine-tunes; no legal entity, no verifiable jurisdiction, no GDPR infrastructure.

Apple✓

US-headquartered consumer tech giant; ships small open research models but keeps its flagship on-device/cloud AI proprietary. CLOUD Act exposed.

Arcee AI✓

US (Florida)-based open-weights lab behind the Trinity models; CLOUD Act exposed, and its public privacy policy is currently deactivated.

BAIDU✓

China-headquartered tech giant behind the ERNIE model family; mixed open-weights policy, not CLOUD Act exposed but subject to PRC state-access laws.

Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence

Chinese state-backed nonprofit AI lab (BGE, WuDao, Emu3); added to the US Entity List in 2025, raising export-control and reputational risk.

ByteDance

China-based lab behind the Seed model family; mixes proprietary flagship models with Apache/MIT-licensed open releases, under active EU GDPR enforcement over China data transfers.

ByteDance Seed

China-based AI research division of ByteDance; mixed open-weights model releases under Apache-2.0 alongside proprietary Doubao models.

Cohere✓

🇨🇦Canada

Canada-headquartered enterprise AI lab (Command, Aya) merging with Germany's Aleph Alpha; mixed open-weights, not CLOUD Act exposed.

CohereForAI

🇨🇦Canada

Canadian nonprofit research lab of Cohere (rebranded 'Cohere Labs' in 2025); releases open-weights multilingual models, mostly under non-commercial licences.

Databricks✓

US-headquartered data/AI platform vendor; open-weights DBRX/MPT models under custom licences; CLOUD Act exposed.

Deep Cogito

US (San Francisco) startup releasing open-weight 'Cogito' reasoning models under mixed Apache/Llama licences; CLOUD Act exposed.

DeepSeek✓

Hangzhou-based, open-weights lab now taking outside investment and preparing a mainland China listing; not CLOUD Act exposed but under active EU GDPR bans and probes.

Hugging Face H4

Internal Hugging Face research team behind the open-weights Zephyr models; parent company is US-based and CLOUD Act exposed.

IBM Granite

US-headquartered IBM's open-weights Granite model family; Apache 2.0 licensed, CLOUD Act exposed, with strong training-data transparency and uncapped IP indemnity.

Intern Large Models

China-based, state-backed AI lab (Shanghai AI Laboratory) releasing open-weight InternLM/InternVL models; not CLOUD Act exposed but subject to Chinese jurisdiction.

Liquid AI

US MIT spinout (Cambridge, MA) building efficient on-device foundation models; mixed open/restricted licensing; CLOUD Act exposed.

Meta AI✓

US-based creator of the open-weights Llama series; CLOUD Act exposed. Frontier development is pivoting to closed weights and Llama 4/Muse Spark are unavailable in the EU.

Microsoft✓

US-headquartered lab behind the MIT-licensed Phi small language models; CLOUD Act and FISA 702 exposed, with a completed EU Data Boundary and a signed GPAI Code of Practice.

MiniMax

Shanghai-based, Hong Kong-listed AI lab with a mixed open-weights strategy; subject to Chinese data law rather than the CLOUD Act.

Moonshot AI

Beijing-based lab behind Kimi/Kimi K2; releases some models open-weight under a Modified MIT licence, but its consumer app and API remain closed and China-controlled.

Nexusflow✓

US (Palo Alto) open-weights lab behind the Athene and NexusRaven models; acquired by NVIDIA in 2025 and no longer operating independently.

NousResearch

US-based open-weights lab behind the Hermes model series; CLOUD Act exposed, deliberately minimal content guardrails, no first-party Stav inference endpoint.

NVIDIA✓

US-headquartered chipmaker and AI lab behind the open-weights Nemotron models; CLOUD Act exposed; mixed open/proprietary licensing.

Perplexity✓

US-headquartered AI answer-engine and Comet browser maker; CLOUD Act exposed; mixed open-weights posture; facing multiple active copyright lawsuits.

Poolside✓

US-headquartered agentic-coding lab (San Francisco, Paris hub); mixed open-weights posture; CLOUD Act exposed.

Prime Intellect

US (Delaware/California) AI infrastructure lab with mixed open-weights models; CLOUD Act exposed and not built for regulated-sector compliance.

Qwen

China-headquartered, Alibaba-owned LLM family; open weights up to ~32B, flagship models closed and API-only; not CLOUD Act exposed but subject to Chinese law.

Technology Innovation Institute

🇦🇪United Arab Emirates

UAE state-funded research institute behind the Apache-2.0 Falcon LLM family; not CLOUD Act exposed, but governed by Abu Dhabi's national-security apparatus and increasingly active in defence AI.

Tencent✓

China-headquartered conglomerate behind the mixed open/closed Hunyuan model family; several Hunyuan model licences historically barred EU/UK use, though its July 2026 flagship LLM lifted that restriction.

upstage✓

🇰🇷South Korea

South Korean creator of the mixed open/closed Solar LLM family; no US parent, so no CLOUD Act exposure, but privacy governance is Korea-law-primary.